International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics
Vol 12, No 1 (2026): February 2026

Single-input and multi-input local binary pattern classification

Abdul Rachman Manga (Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Universitas Negeri Malang, and Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Muslim Indonesia)
Anik Nur Handayani (Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Universitas Negeri Malang)
Heru Wahyu Herwanto (Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Universitas Negeri Malang)
Rosa Andrie Asmara (Information Technology Department, State Polytechnic of Malang)
Roesman Ridwan Raja (Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyushu Institute of Technology)



Article Info

Publish Date
28 Feb 2026

Abstract

Identification and classification of species are crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. The Toraja Buffalo, a unique type of buffalo in Indonesia, holds high cultural and economic value. Accurate classification of this species is essential to preserving genetic resources and improving breeding programs. Previous studies using single classification methods have shown limitations in complex cases such as the Toraja Buffalo, which has numerous physiological characteristics such as body size, head, horns, tail, and eyes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of single-classification and multi-category methods for identifying Toraja Buffalo. Several algorithms, including K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naive Bayes, were tested using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) for feature extraction. Decision Tree and others were observed, showing 85.83% accuracy in single-input, while multi-input accuracy reached 92.08%. The multi-input approach consistently improved performance across all algorithms. Multi-input classifiers significantly outperformed single-feature methods, with Random Forest being the most efficient algorithm. Future research could incorporate additional variables such as skin color or genetic profiles to further enhance accuracy.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

IJAIN

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

International journal of advances in intelligent informatics (IJAIN) e-ISSN: 2442-6571 is a peer reviewed open-access journal published three times a year in English-language, provides scientists and engineers throughout the world for the exchange and dissemination of theoretical and ...