Optimizing Evaporator Design in ORC Systems for Waste-to-Energy Conversion Using FAST Diagram and Value Engineering

R. Susalit Setya Wibowo (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Satmintareja Satmintareja (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Asep Duduh Abdurahman (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Suyatmin Suyatmin (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Darmawan Darmawan (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)
Ari Gunawan (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Kusumawati Dewi Budiarti (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)
Nasrul Baddu (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)
Adhi Pramono (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)
Faisal Faisal (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)
Cahyono Nugroho (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
Suharto Ngudiwaluyo (Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten,)
Zico Pratama Putra (Research Center for Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Technology (PRTBNLR), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten)

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Vol. 58 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 58 No. 3(2026): June

The global waste crisis necessitates innovative solutions for sustainable energy conversion. This study presents a comprehensive optimization framework for evaporator design in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems utilized in waste-to-energy conversion. This research integrates the Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram with Value Engineering (VE) principles to assess the logical hierarchy and cost analysis components of system effectiveness. Evaluation of the 887 kW shell-and-tube evaporator showed tubes, baffles, and shells account for 90% of production costs and are the most thermally efficient components. Further strategic redesign under VE principles resulted in 23% cost reduction with 15% efficiency improvements, demonstrating resource expenditure without performance compromise. The proposed approach offers a foundational methodology for advancing enduring ORC system design while harnessing high waste-to-value electrical energy conversion at low expenses, fostering the circular economy.