Mice are widely used in biomedical research due to their genetic similarity to humans, sharing 95–98% of genes. This study evaluates the benefits and challenges of using mice as laboratory models, focusing on genetic manipulation and ethical concerns. A review of recent scientific literature was conducted. Results show significant contributions to disease understanding and therapy development, but also highlight translational limitations and animal welfare issues. Emerging alternatives like computer models and organ-on-a-chip show potential. More ethical and sustainable approaches are needed for the future of biomedical research.
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