The rapid growth of digital technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has influenced science learning in elementary schools. However, its use to enhance students’ scientific literacy and critical thinking remains limited. This study aims to review the role of digital technology and AI in improving science learning outcomes. Using a systematic literature review method, relevant studies were analyzed and synthesized. The findings show that AI-based learning media, such as virtual simulations and adaptive tutoring systems, can improve student engagement, concept understanding, and analytical ability. The study concludes that AI and digital technology are effective innovations for developing scientific literacy and critical thinking when supported by teachers’ digital competence and adequate infrastructure.
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