This study aims to analyze multicultural education and the challenges of diversity in Indonesia through a literature review approach. Indonesia, as a country with ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity, faces complex social challenges, such as intolerance, stereotypes, and horizontal conflicts that impact the world of education. Multicultural education is seen as an important strategy in building social integration, strengthening tolerance, and instilling values of justice and equality. Through a review of literature from journals, books, and education policy documents, this study reveals that the sociological basis of multicultural education lies in the function of education as an agent of socialization, cultural inheritance, and social transformation. The implementation of multicultural education in Indonesia has been developed through inclusive curricula, learning methods, and school environments, despite structural and cultural obstacles. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening policies and the commitment of all parties to ensure that multicultural education runs effectively as an effort to build a harmonious society in diversity.
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