Eureka Herba Indonesia
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia

Quantitative Mapping of Phytochemical Synergy in Psidium guajava and Piper betle for Antidiarrheal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Radar Chart Analysis and AUC

Kintoko Kintoko (Doctoral Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan (Doctoral Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia/Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas dr. Soebandi, Jember, Indonesia)
Sapto Yuliani (Doctoral Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Firdha Aprillia Wardhani (Bachelor Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Mar 2026

Abstract

Background: Infectious diarrhea is a major global health burden characterised by gastrointestinal hypermotility, fluid hypersecretion, and mucosal inflammation. Conventional antimotility agents and broad-spectrum antibiotics carry significant limitations, notably antimicrobial resistance and adverse systemic effects. Psidium guajava and Piper betle offer a complementary approach, yet the magnitude of their combined synergy has not been quantified. Objective: To quantify and map the combined antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant synergy of Psidium guajava and Piper betle, and to identify their respective pathophysiological targets. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020. Primary studies reporting quantitative antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant parameters of both extracts were identified across major databases. Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model, and therapeutic capacity was mapped by Radar Chart Analysis (RCA) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) integration. Results: Psidium guajava markedly suppressed gastrointestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (pooled SMD = −2.45; 95% CI −3.10 to −1.80), whereas Piper betle showed broad-spectrum bactericidal and free-radical-scavenging activity (pooled SMD = 3.85; 95% CI 2.95 to 4.75). AUC integration indicated that combining both phytochemical profiles expanded the total therapeutic coverage by 42%. Conclusion: The framework indicates a synergistic mechanism in which Psidium guajava targets hypermotility and secretory dysfunction while Piper betle addresses the pathogenic etiology and oxidative tissue damage, supporting the development of combined botanical therapeutics.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

EHI

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

Eureka Herba Indonesia (EHI) is peer review scientific journal that focused on reserach in exploration potential Herba of Indonesia for enhancing healthy. EHI focused on : 1. Medicinal Plants. 2. Efficacy of Herba Study. 3. Safety of Herba Study. 4. Animals that potential for developing as healthy ...