<![CDATA[The growing popularity of mountain climbing among novice participants has been accompanied by an increased risk of accidents, largely attributable to inadequate understanding of safety procedures. Conventional safety induction methods—primarily verbal briefings and printed materials—lack interactivity and fail to adequately simulate real climbing conditions. While prior research has examined general safety education and conventional multimedia learning approaches, the application of markerless augmented reality (AR) as an interactive, mobile-based safety induction tool specifically designed for beginner mountain climbers remains underexplored . Accordingly, this study aims to develop and evaluate an Android-based markerless AR application to enhance pre-climbing safety induction for novice climbers. The application was developed following the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), encompassing the stages of concept development, design, material collection, assembly, testing, and distribution. Functional performance was assessed using black-box testing, while feasibility was evaluated through a Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 20 beginner climbers. Black-box testing confirmed that all system functionalities operated as intended. The feasibility evaluation yielded a score of 87%, indicating a good to very good level of acceptance among users. By integrating markerless AR technology into mobile-based safety induction, this study addresses a critical gap in outdoor safety training research. The findings demonstrate the feasibility and practical potential of immersive AR applications to enhance safety awareness and improve the effectiveness of preparatory training for beginner mountain climbers.]]>
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