<![CDATA[Gentamicin is widely used for severe Gram‑negative infections but is limited by nephrotoxicity, often reflected by increased serum creatinine. To evaluate the dose‑dependent effect and safety profile of black garlic (Allium sativum) ethanol extract on serum creatinine in a gentamicin‑induced renal injury mouse model. An in vivo experimental study was conducted in 18 male Wistar mice allocated into six groups (n=3/group): negative control (vehicle), positive control (gentamicin vehicle), and four treatment groups (gentamicin plus black garlic extract at 25, 50, 100, and 400 mg/kg/kg body weight). Serum creatinine was measured at Day 0 (baseline), Day 5 (post‑induction), and Day 8 (post‑treatment) using the Jaffe kinetic method. One‑way ANOVA indicated a significant difference among groups (p<0.05). Post‑hoc analysis showed that 25 and 50 mg/kg/kg did not differ significantly from the control group (p>0.05). In contrast, 100 and 400 mg/kg/kg significantly increased serum creatinine (p<0.05). Black garlic ethanol extract showed a dose‑dependent pattern. Low doses (25–50 mg/kg/kg) were not statistically different from control, whereas higher doses (100–400 mg/kg/kg) were associated with increased creatinine, suggesting potential nephrotoxic effects at high doses. Mechanistic pathways require confirmation using histopathology and oxidative‑stress/inflammatory biomarkers.]]>
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