<![CDATA[Background: Maternal and infant mortality remain major global health challenges, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2017, approximately 817 women died daily due to pregnancy-related causes, while UNICEF estimated 2.5 million infant deaths before one month of age in 2020. In Indonesia, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is still high and projected to reach 183 per 100,000 live births by 2024, which remains above the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target. One of the main contributing factors to maternal mortality is anemia during pregnancy, which is prevalent in developing countries. Methods: This study used a systematic literature review approach based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were collected from PubMed and Web of Science databases using relevant keywords, with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 5 eligible articles were included in this review. The findings consistently showed that low compliance in consuming iron tablets among pregnant women was associated with a higher risk of anemia, which can increase the risk of maternal complications and mortality. Conclusion: Compliance in consuming iron tablets plays an important role in preventing anemia during pregnancy and reducing the risk of maternal mortality. Strengthening health education and monitoring of iron supplementation is essential to improve maternal health outcomes.]]>
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