<![CDATA[This study aimed to determine the effect of battle rope and push up training on volleyball underarm passing ability of students at SMA Negeri 6 Takalar and to compare the effectiveness of both training methods. A quantitative approach with pre-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed. The sample consisted of 24 students divided into two groups using match ordinal pairing technique: Group A (battle rope training, n=12) and Group B (push up training, n=12). The training program was implemented over 6 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week (16 sessions). The measurement instrument used the Brumbach underarm passing test with 20 trials. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Levene homogeneity test, and Welch test (equal variances not assumed). Results showed that the battle rope group experienced a mean improvement from 20.50 to 25.67 (increase of 5.17 points), while the push up group improved from 20.50 to 23.17 (increase of 2.67 points). ANOVA and Welch tests yielded F = 3.068 with significance p = 0.087 > 0.05, indicating no significant difference in effectiveness between both groups. The eta-squared value of 0.063 indicated a small effect size. It was concluded that both training methods provide positive effects on underarm passing ability; however, integration with direct technical passing practice is necessary for more optimal results.]]>
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