<![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze the reproductive characteristics of Bali cattle raised under smallholder farming systems in Teon Nila Serua District, Central Maluku Regency. The research was conducted over four months using survey and field observation methods in three villages: Watludan, Kuralele, and Nakupia. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of farmers keeping productive female Bali cattle. Data were collected through structured interviews, direct observation, and documentation, and analyzed descriptively using MINITAB software. Observed parameters included age at first mating, age at first calving, gestation length, calving interval, number of calves per parturition, population structure, and management system. Results showed that the average age at first mating was 21.95 ± 1.63 months, age at first calving was 31.16 ± 1.48 months, and gestation length was 9.13 ± 0.34 months. Calving intervals ranged from 12 to 18 months with a single calf per birth. The population structure was dominated by adult cattle (24–36 months), with females accounting for 46.2%. It is concluded that the reproductive performance of Bali cattle in the study area is classified as good and consistent with tropical beef cattle standards, although management remains largely traditional.]]>
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