<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on improving students' critical thinking skills in Social Studies (IPS) learning for 6th-grade elementary school students, specifically on the material regarding the influence of geographical conditions on regional potential. The research method employed is a literature review (Systematic Literature Review) by analyzing 20 relevant scientific articles from the Google Scholar database and the Publish or Perish application within the 2021–2026 timeframe. The results of the analysis indicate that the application of the PBL model significantly enhances students' critical thinking skills compared to conventional methods. This is evidenced by students' active involvement in solving real-world problems, which trains their abilities in analysis, evaluation, and logical decision-making. This model is highly relevant to geographical condition material, which is contextual in nature, thereby helping students understand the deep interconnection between nature and regional economic potential. Despite requiring more time for implementation, PBL has proven to be an effective strategy for developing 21st-century skills in elementary schools.]]>
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