<![CDATA[This study aims to develop and evaluate an offline digital learning media based on GeoGebra, designed specifically for technology-constrained school settings, to enhance students' spatial ability in learning flat-sided geometric shapes. Employing a Design-Based Research approach, the study involved limited trials with 18 students and one teacher, followed by implementation in another school with 40 students divided into experimental and control groups. Quantitative data were analyzed using ANCOVA, revealing a significant difference (, , ). Qualitative analysis indicated increased student engagement and spatial understanding. Featuring 3D visualization and interactive simulations in an HTML5 offline format, the offline media offers flexible and accessible learning for under-resourced environments. Theoretically, this research extends the media of Dual Coding Theory and Design-Based Research (DBR) within resource-limited educational contexts by demonstrating how offline visual-spatial media can effectively bridge abstract geometric concepts. Practically, it provides a scalable, concrete solution for educators in technology-constrained schools to implement interactive, GeoGebra-based mathematical learning without requiring internet access or high-end infrastructure.]]>
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