Hubungan praktik sanitasi air, higiene personal, dan sanitasi makanan dengan kejadiani diare pada balita di puskesmas

La Ode Liaumin Azim

TMI JOURNAL OF Tropical Medicine Issues
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Edition April 2026

Background: Diarrhea in toddlers is a serious public health problem and can be caused by various factors, including drinking water sanitation, personal hygiene, and food sanitation. The Lepo-Lepo Community Health Center in Kendari City has recorded a high incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, which indicates the importance of research related to the factors that influence this incidence. Objective: To analyze the relationship between drinking water sanitation (boiled drinking water, clean water containers), personal hygiene (hand washing before feeding toddlers, clean baby nails), and food sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area. Method: A cross-sectional design with simple random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 74 toddlers who had experienced diarrhea in the last 3 months. Data were collected through questionnaires, structured interviews, and direct observation of the sanitation habits of parents or caregivers. The research data were analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 25.0 with a 95% confidence level. Results: The results of the analysis showed that consumption of boiled water (p=0.005), cleanliness of drinking water containers (p=0.000), mothers' hand washing habits (p=0.004), cleanliness of toddlers' nails (p=0.001), and food sanitation (p=0.001) were significant factors. Conclusion: Drinking water sanitation, personal hygiene, and food sanitation are important factors that influence the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Education and intervention in improving good sanitation habits are expected to reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Keywords: Community Health Center; Diarrhea; Drinking Water Sanitation; Drinking Water Sources; Infants; Food Sanitation; Personal Hygiene. Pendahuluan: Diare pada balita merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius dan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk sanitasi air minum, kebersihan pribadi, dan sanitasi makanan. Puskesmas Lepo-Lepo di Kota Kendari mencatatkan angka kejadian diare yang cukup tinggi pada balita, yang menunjukkan pentingnya penelitian terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut. Tujuan: untuk menganalisis hubungan antara sanitasi air minum (air minum dimasak, kebersihan wadah air), kebersihan pribadi (mencuci tangan sebelum memberi makan balita, kebersihan kuku bayi), dan sanitasi makanan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas. Metode: Desain cross-sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel acak sederhana. Sampel terdiri dari 74 balita yang mengalami diare dalam 3 bulan terakhir. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, wawancara terstruktur, dan observasi langsung terhadap kebiasaan sanitasi orang tua atau pengasuh. data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji ichi-square dengan aplikasi spss versi 25.0 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi air yang dimasak (p=0.005), kebersihan wadah air minum (p=0.000), kebiasaan mencuci tangan ibu (p=0.004), kebersihan kuku balita (p=0.001), dan sanitasi makanan (p=0,001). Simpulan: Sanitasi air minum, kebersihan pribadi, dan sanitasi makanan merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kejadian diare pada balita. Edukasi dan intervensi dalam meningkatkan kebiasaan sanitasi yang baik diharapkan dapat menurunkan angka kejadian diare di wilayah Puskesmas. Kata Kunci: Balita; Diare; Kebersihan Pribadi; Sanitasi Air Minum; Sanitasi Makanan; Tempat Air Minum; Puskesmas.