<![CDATA[This research explores the issues of alienation and class divisions as portrayed in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. The study applies Karl Marx’s sociological criticism to investigate how the novel represents social inequalities shaped by the rise of artificial intelligence. Using a context-oriented approach and textual analysis, this research identifies how capitalist ideology, technological determinism, and genetic selection reinforce class hierarchies and emotional isolation. The findings show that the novel critiques the dehumanizing effects of class stratification and the commodification of human value, as embodied by the artificial friend Klara. Ultimately, the novel reflects contemporary anxieties about technology, identity, and inequality.]]>
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