International Journal of Pedagogy and Learning Community (IJPLC)
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Pedagogy and Learning Community (IJPLC)

Validation of Self-Esteem Instrument in Drug Use Prevention among Secondary School Students in Malaysia

Ahmad Jazimin Jusoh (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris)
Suzaily Wahab (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)
Siti Zobidah Omar (UCSI University)
Nazre Abdul Rashid (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 May 2026

Abstract

There is an exact instrument that measures global self-esteem. However, there is no instrument that relates self-esteem with drug abuse tendencies. Therefore, this paper presented the validation of self-esteem in drug use instruments among secondary school students in Malaysia. This research was a survey-design by using quantitative technique for data analysis. The survey questionnaire was distributed to several schools by targeting secondary school students. In the end, 220 students from Johor, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur participated in the research. Factorial analysis, namely exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted. The analysis was complemented with parallel analysis and Minimum Average Partial (MAP). The original and revised MAP tests confirm three factors for the instrument: peer self-esteem, home self-esteem, and school self-esteem. CFA was used to validate the structure and inspect the construct validity. The result showed that the instrument gains the acceptable value in several goodness indices such as GFI, AGFI, CFI, TLI, NFI, RMSEA, and CMIN.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ijplc

Publisher

Subject

Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

Description

nternational Journal of Pedagogy and Learning Community (IJPLC) is an open access, peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Departemen Non Formal Education Faculty of Education Universitas Negeri Padang . ISSN: (Online-Electronic) 3064-3619 This journal publish (February, May, Agust, ...