ML-KEM-768 latency analysis on IIoT systems in the context of post-quantum security

H.A Danang Rimbawa (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia)
Danny Setyowati (Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia)
Achmad Farid Wadjdi (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia)

International Journal of Enterprise Modelling
Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): May: Enterprise Modelling

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Post Quantum Cryptography ML-KEM-768 algorithm in the Industrial Internet of Things system which has limited resources and communication stability needs. The approach used is a quantitative experiment with end-to-end latency measurement on a virtual machine-based architecture that represents IIoT system communication. The evaluation parameters included latency distribution, percentile values, and characteristics of steady state and spike conditions. The test results showed that the ML-KEM-768 had a median latency of 51.84 ms with a P95 value of 64.17 ms and a P99 of 76.85 ms, as well as a steady state proportion of above 96 percent. The spike latency condition persists with low frequency and does not affect the overall stability of the system. These results show that ML-KEM-768 can be implemented in IIoT systems with communication performance that remains within operational tolerance limits.