Journal of English Language Teaching, Literatures, Applied Linguistics
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): May

The Analysis of Slang Variation and Emotional Expression in Selected Song Lyrics by Billie Eilish[

Sinta Elsalina Sinulingga (Universitas HKBP Nommensen)
Arsen Nahum Pasaribu (Universitas HKBP Nommensen)
Rotua Elfrida Pangaribuan (Universitas HKBP Nommensen)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 May 2026

Abstract

This study analyzes slang variation and emotional expression in selected song lyrics by Billie Eilish using sociolinguistic and pragmatic approaches. Previous studies have generally examined slang usage and emotional expression separately, with limited attention to how slang contributes to emotional meaning construction in contemporary popular music. This study addresses that gap by investigating the relationship between slang variation, emotional expression, and identity representation in Billie Eilish’s lyrics. The study also contributes theoretically by integrating sociolinguistic theories of slang with pragmatic analysis of emotional meaning. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collected from nine selected songs: “Bad Guy,” “Bury a Friend,” “Therefore I Am,” “Lost Cause,” “Your Power,” “Happier Than Ever,” “My Strange Addiction,” “idontwannabeyouanymore,” and “Six Feet Under.” The findings reveal three types of slang: General Slang (45%), Creative Slang (32.5%), and Group Slang (22.5%). General Slang is dominant because it creates conversational authenticity and emotional closeness with listeners. The emotional expressions identified include sadness (30%), anger (22.5%), fear or anxiety (17.5%), frustration (12.5%), insecurity (7.5%), emotional vulnerability (5%), and confidence or rebellion (5%). The findings demonstrate that slang functions not only as informal language but also as a sociolinguistic and pragmatic strategy for intensifying emotional meaning, expressing identity, and representing youth culture in contemporary song lyrics.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jeltlal

Publisher

Subject

Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

Description

Focus Journal of English Language Teaching, Litterature and Applied Linguistics focuses on research related to English Language Pedagogy, TEFL English Teaching, English for Specific Purposes (ESP), ELT Materials Development and Evaluation, English Language Testing and Assessment, Linguistics, ...