Design and Optimization of CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D

Muhamad Kevin Ristiansyah (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)
Bayu Prasetya (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)
Mochammad Ghulam Isaq Khan (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)
Muhammad Yasin Siregar (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)
Abyan Abdillah Saoloan Panjaitan (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)
Eri Widianto (Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Telukjambe Timur, Karawang 41361, Indonesia)
Eka Nurfani (Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia)

Greensusmater
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

This study investigates the optimization of CsPbI₃-based perovskite solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulation with a device structure of FTO/ZnO/CsPbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/metal. Key parameters, including absorber thickness, defect density, acceptor concentration, and transport layer properties, were systematically analyzed. The results show that absorber thickness significantly affects device performance, with an optimal thickness of 1.6 μm yielding an efficiency of 17.66%. Optimization of defect density and acceptor concentration further enhances device performance. After overall optimization, the power conversion efficiency increases from 16.3% to 23.1%, with *V*_oc improving from 1.19 V to 1.39 V, *J*_sc from 18.33 to 20.5 mA/cm², and FF from 75.2% to 87.4%. The improvement is supported by enhanced J–V characteristics and near-unity quantum efficiency over a wide wavelength range. These results demonstrate that parameter optimization plays a crucial role in achieving high-performance CsPbI₃ perovskite solar cells.