<![CDATA[Early literacy and numeracy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) play a crucial role as a foundational basis in the learning process at lower elementary school levels. This study aims to analyze the relationship between early calistung skills and Indonesian language learning, as well as to identify the factors influencing these skills. The method employed is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, research articles, and relevant books. Data were obtained through database searches such as Google Scholar and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results indicate that early calistung skills significantly influence students’ comprehension, self-confidence, and participation in Indonesian language learning. Students with well-developed calistung skills tend to better understand texts, construct sentences, and follow instructional directions. Conversely, limited calistung abilities lead to learning difficulties and low classroom engagement. Factors influencing these skills include students’ internal aspects, family environment, and instructional strategies implemented by teachers. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating calistung skills into Indonesian language learning in a systematic and contextual manner.]]>
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