Development of Digital Flipbook Ecosystem (DFE)-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to enhance critical thinking skills

Annisa Jamilatussholihah Qurrota Ainin (Magister of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia)
Rizhal Hendi Ristanto (Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia)
Ratna Komala (Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia)

EDUSAINS
Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): EDUSAINS

Digital Flipbook Ecosystem (DFE) based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) was developed as an innovative learning media to facilitate the understanding of ecosystem material interactively and contextually. This study aims to develop DFE and analyze its feasibility and influence on students' critical thinking skills. The research method uses the Hannafin and Peck development model consisting of needs analysis, design, and development and implementation, followed by evaluation and revision at each stage. The results of expert validation show that DFE is very valid and suitable for use as a biology learning medium. The implementation of DFE has been shown to improve students' critical thinking skills in the indicators of organizing strategies and tactics, making further explanations, concluding, building basic skills, and providing simple explanations. These findings prove that PBL-based DFE is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in biology learning.