<![CDATA[Background. Understanding students’ cognitive characteristics is essential for designing differentiated learning strategies in physical education. Objectives. This study aimed to develop a valid, reliable, and practical instrument for detecting brain hemisphere dominance among elementary school students. Method. A Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the Borg and Gall model was employed, including needs analysis, instrument development, expert validation, small- and large-scale field testing, and product refinement. The large-scale trial involved 106 fifth- and sixth-grade students, while the small-scale trial included 57 fourth-grade students from Tamansari 1 Public Elementary School, Yogyakarta. Data were collected through questionnaires, expert validation sheets, and documentation. Results. Content validity assessed using Aiken’s V indicated that most items were valid to highly valid, while four items were revised based on expert feedback. Pearson’s product-moment analysis confirmed the validity of all revised items (p < 0.05). The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.932. Conclusion. The developed instrument is valid, reliable, and practical for identifying students’ brain hemisphere dominance, providing teachers with useful information to support differentiated physical education instruction at the elementary school level.]]>
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