Jurnal Maenpo : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): VOLUME 16 NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2026

Content validity of reflective mental training cards for student-athletes: a content validation study

Eka Kurnia Darisman (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya)
Mulyono (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia)
Harwanto (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia)
Moh. Hanafi (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia)
Gatot Margisal Utomo (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia)
Nabilah Azzah Rahmawan (Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Jun 2026

Abstract

Mental training plays an important role in supporting athletes’ psychological readiness and performance. However, mental training programs for student-athletes are often conducted informally and lack structured training media that can facilitate reflective learning. This study aimed to examine the content validity of Reflective Mental Training Cards developed for student-athletes. The cards were designed to support psychological skill development through reflective prompts, symbolic illustrations, and key psychological concepts related to sport performance. This study employed a research and development approach focusing on the content validation stage. The implementation involved 15 student-athletes from Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya who participated in a reflective mental training session using the developed cards. The content validity of the cards was analyzed using Aiken’s V coefficient based on expert evaluation of several aspects, including content relevance to sport psychology concepts, clarity of reflective questions, appropriateness of keywords, suitability of visual illustrations, and practical usability. The results showed that all evaluated aspects achieved high to very high levels of validity, with Aiken’s V coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.95. These findings indicate that the Reflective Mental Training Cards are conceptually appropriate and suitable for use as a mental training medium for student-athletes. In conclusion, the developed cards demonstrate strong content validity and have the potential to serve as an innovative tool for facilitating reflective mental training and psychological skill development in university athletes.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

maenpo

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Library & Information Science Public Health Other

Description

Maenpo Journal is a Journal of Physical Education in Health and Recreation which is published online and this Journal is published 2 times / year in the period January-June and July-December p-ISSN (2089-2341). e-ISSN (2721-7175)is published by the Physical Education and Health Study Program, FKIP ...