<![CDATA[Water security has become an increasingly critical issue in rapidly growing urban regions such as Medan City, where population expansion, uneven infrastructure development, and localized contamination events continue to threaten the availability and quality of safe water. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three eco-friendly water treatment technologies—Bio Sand Filter (BSF), biochar-based filtration, and Constructed Wetland micro-systems (CW-micro)—as sustainable solutions for strengthening water security across household and community scales. Field testing, laboratory analysis, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) were employed to assess each technology's performance using microbiological, physicochemical, economic, and environmental indicators. Results show that the BSF achieved the highest MCA score (0.86), demonstrating superior microbial removal efficiency (up to 97%) and economic suitability for low-income households due to its low-cost materials and simple operation. The biochar filtration system recorded a score of 0.79 and demonstrated strong removal of metal contaminants, particularly Fe and Mn, making it well-suited for areas affected by industrial pollution or groundwater quality degradation. The CW-micro system achieved a score of 0.74 and performed effectively in reducing BOD and TSS, highlighting its potential for community-scale treatment and integration with urban green infrastructure. Overall, the findings indicate that nature-based filtration technologies offer a practical and sustainable pathway to improving Medan City's water quality while promoting environmental resilience, lowering treatment costs, and enhancing community self-reliance. The study concludes that these eco-friendly technologies should be incorporated into local water management strategies, supported by Perumda Tirtanadi policies, and monitored through long-term spatial water quality assessments to achieve a more water-secure and sustainable urban future]]>
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