Journal of General Education and Humanities
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): August

Effectiveness of Mental Imagery Training in Improving Breaststroke Start Skills among Swimming Academy Athletes

Wendri Maryadi (Universitas Pamulang)
Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat (Universitas Pamulang)
Ahmad Rizal (Universitas Pamulang)
Muhammad Ali Ode (Universitas Pamulang)



Article Info

Publish Date
21 Jul 2026

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of PETTLEP-based mental imagery training in improving breaststroke start skills among athletes at Dolphins Swimming Academy. Psychological factors play a crucial role in sports performance, particularly in time-sensitive sports such as swimming, where the start phase significantly influences race outcomes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest model involving 12 athletes aged 15–20 years. The intervention was conducted over four weeks and integrated into the regular training program. Performance indicators included reaction time and 15-meter performance as representations of start skills. The results showed significant improvements in both variables. Reaction time decreased from 0.789 seconds to 0.711 seconds, while the 15-meter time improved from 8.324 seconds to 7.744 seconds (p < 0.001). These improvements indicate enhanced anticipatory motor control, push-off efficiency, and underwater transition during the start phase. In conclusion, PETTLEP-based mental imagery training effectively improves breaststroke start skills by enhancing neuromotor readiness and psychological stability. Practically, this approach can be integrated into swimming training programs as a complementary strategy to improve start performance and overall competitive readiness.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

gehu

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Other

Description

The Journal of General Education and Humanities (GEHU) is a peer-reviewed scholarly online journal. The GEHU is published quarterly in February, May, August, and November. The GEHU is a non-profit journal whose publication is free of charge. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not ...