Lentera Negeri
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Lentera Negeri

Virtual and augmented reality applications in sport and physical education learning: systematic literature review (2021–2026)

Kristian Burhan (Universitas Negeri Padang)
Ifdil Ifdil (Center for Educational Neuroscience, Trauma, and Human Behavior, Universitas Negeri Padang.)
Rudyanto Rudyanto (Universitas Negeri Padang)



Article Info

Publish Date
22 Jul 2026

Abstract

Immersive technologies are becoming popular tools in sport and physical education. But the evidence for their teaching effectiveness is scattered across many fields. This systematic review looked at the design, implementation, effectiveness, and moderating factors of VR, AR, MR, and XR interventions in this area. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines with a predefined protocol. We searched only Scopus because of its wide coverage and standardized metadata. That helped make the search transparent and reproducible. The search found 403 records. After removing duplicates and screening, 18 studies met the criteria. Two reviewers independently handled selection and data extraction. Their agreement was excellent, with Cohen's κ = 0.87. Methodological quality was checked using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT 2018). Both reviewers did thematic synthesis separately before reaching consensus. Four main themes came out: (1) tactical and cognitive learning, (2) motor skill acquisition through augmented feedback, (3) curricular integration of immersive technologies, and (4) communication, socialization, and inclusion. Overall, these technologies boosted learner engagement, real-time feedback, motor skills, and tactical understanding. But their effectiveness depended on learner expertise, visuospatial ability, instructional design, and teacher competence. Still, using only Scopus and excluding grey literature might have caused publication bias and limited the evidence. Future work should focus on longitudinal studies, transfer of learning to real sport performance, and strong comparative trials across different educational settings.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

lentera

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

Description

Lentera Negeri welcomes submissions across a comprehensive range of academic disciplines, spanning the social sciences, humanities, natural sciences, applied sciences, and technology. Within the social sciences, the journal considers research in sociology, psychology and mental health, counseling ...