Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): In Press

Dietary Quality and Ultra-Processed Food Intake in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome

Aryanti Setyaningsih (Unknown)
Yanesti Nuravianda Lestari (Unknown)
Refani Alycia Kusuma (Unknown)
Safira Chairani Dimarti (Unknown)
Muhammad Mukhlis Saputra (Unknown)
Nuzulia Nur Kurniawati (Unknown)
Andriany Purnaningrum (Unknown)
Safna Afifa Putri (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Jul 2026

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a growing public health concern in Indonesia. The rising prevalence, which reached 21.66% in 2019, is closely linked to a shift toward imbalanced diets and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) driven by globalization. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary quality and ultra-processed food consumption as risk factors for metabolic syndrome among adults in Kedungmundu, Semarang. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from January to May 2025 in Kedungmundu, Semarang. A total of 75 adults aged 26-45 years were recruited using purposive sampling. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), while UPF consumption frequency was assessed via interviews utilizing a modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome diagnosis adhered to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Data analysis involved univariate and bivariate techniques, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square test. Metabolic syndrome was identified in 38.7% of respondents, with hyperglycemia, low HDL cholesterol, and central obesity. Approximately 53.3% of respondents had a low diet quality score, and 46.7% reported frequent UPF consumption. Diet quality was associated with metabolic syndrome (p=0.031), whereas intake of ultra-processed foods was not significantly associated (p=0.229). Low diet quality was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome, whereas frequent intake of ultra-processed foods was not among adults in Kedungmundu, Semarang.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

IJHN

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition (IJHN) merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat artikel penelitian di bidang gizi manusia dan di terbitkan oleh Jurusan Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan terbit dua kali dalam setahun (bulan Mei dan ...