Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan (JUSHPEN)
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Agustus : Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan

Enhancing the Performance of Shadow Teachers and ABK Therapists Through Self-Efficacy and Specialized Training Across Multi-Level Inclusive Education: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study: A Study of ASD and ADHD Students from Early Childhood Education through Senior High School

Asrini Mahdia (Universitas Gunadarma)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Jul 2026

Abstract

This study examines the effect of teacher self-efficacy (X1) and specialized training (X2) on employee performance (Y) among shadow teachers and ABK (special-needs) therapists in a multi-level inclusive education institution serving students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from early childhood education (PAUD) through senior high school (SMA), located in Jakarta with two branches in West Java. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, a total-sampling survey (n = 21) was analyzed using multiple linear regression (SPSS 26); in the subsequent qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three purposively selected respondents to deepen and contextualize the quantitative findings. Results show that self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on employee performance (t = 2.580; p = 0.019; β = 0.382), specialized training has a significant positive effect (t = 3.904; p = 0.001; β = 0.579), and jointly the two predictors explain 71.9% of the variance in employee performance (F = 23.073; p < 0.001; R² = 0.719). Specialized training emerged as the more dominant predictor. The qualitative interviews corroborated these findings, showing that confidence built through repeated hands-on exposure across educational levels, combined with structured, level-differentiated training, translates into perceived competence and improved job performance. These findings imply the need for structured, cross-level training pathways and deliberate self-efficacy- building mechanisms (mentoring, case debriefing, incremental mastery experiences) to strengthen the performance of inclusive-education professionals.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

JUSHPEN

Publisher

Subject

Education Social Sciences

Description

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan adalah jurnal yang ditujukan untuk publikasi artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia dan di payungi Oleh Yayasan Dosen Muda Indonesia. Jurnal ini adalah jurnal studi ilmu-ilmu Sosial humaniora dan pendidikan yang bersifat peer-review ...