Jurnal Arbitrer
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026)

Non-Verbal Elements as Primary Attentional Anchors Across Generational Cohorts: Eye-Tracking Evidence from Multimodal Communication Context

Rizki Edmi Edison (Universitas Prima Indonesia)
Deni Adha Akbari (Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr HAMKA)
Pratiwi Cristin Harnita (Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana)
Widya Yanti Sihotang (Universitas Prima Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Jul 2026

Abstract

Contemporary multimodal communication environments integrate verbal with non-verbal elements within unified communicative artefacts spanning health, commercial, digital, and persuasive discourse. Despite theoretical consensus in multimodality and semiotics that non-verbal and verbal modes carry distinct processing affordances, objective neurophysiological evidence for the attentional priority of non-verbal elements, and its consistency across generational cohorts, remains limited in the literature. This study aims to investigate whether non-verbal visual elements consistently capture first visual fixation before verbal elements across multiple multimodal communication contexts, and to examine whether this attentional pattern is consistent across two generational cohorts, Generation Z and Millennials. A cross-contextual multi-study synthesis design was employed, integrating eye-tracking data from four previously published empirical studies conducted at Universitas Prima Indonesia and Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA. Across all four studies, non-verbal elements captured first fixation in almost all of participants, although no statistically significant inter-cohort difference was observed within one of studies. These findings provide neurophysiological evidence that non-verbal visual elements constitute universal primary attentional anchors in multimodal discourse, functionally independent of communicative context and generational cohort. The results carry direct implications for language-sensitive communication design, plurilingual health messaging, multimodal pedagogy, and the theoretical understanding of verbal–non-verbal semiotic hierarchies in multilingual and multicultural communication environments.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ARBITRER

Publisher

Subject

Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

Description

ARBITRER Jurnal Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia, merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang menyajikan artikel orisinil tentang pengetahuan dan informasi penelitian atau aplikasi penelitian dan pengembangan terkini dalam bidang ilmu bahasa (linguistik). Jurnal ini merupakan sarana publikasi dan ajang berbagi ...