Master-Slave Synchronization in Off-Grid Solar Microgrids: Genset and Inverter Configurations

IGNATIUS RIYADI MARDIYANTO (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
MUSRINAH MUSRINAH (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
SRI PARYANTO MURSYID (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
SRI UTAMI (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
WILDAN ARASSID (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
RIDWAN NURDIN (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
AGOENG HARJATMO RAHARDJO (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
TJATUR UDJIANTO (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)
APIP PUDIN (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)

ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika
Vol 14, No 3: Published July 2026

The research analyzes the synchronization performance of off-grid solar AC microgrids by comparing genset-based and inverter-based master-slave configurations. Stability and power quality evaluations were conducted through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validation. Test results show that the genset-master configuration produces stable synchronization (220V/50Hz), while the inverter-master configuration experiences initial voltage instability. However, by optimizing the power capacity ratio between the master and slave units to 10:1 and implementing a properly designed PWM modulation, the system successfully achieves stable operation. An IoT-based monitoring system using ESP32 and PZEM-004T sensors provides real-time data to validate these findings, confirming that while the inverter-based master configuration is feasible, precise design parameters are required to ensure reliable synchronization