<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) in Thailand and to formulate solutions through a cultural and motivational approach. The main problems in BIPA learning include the strong influence of local cultural norms such as shyness, respect for hierarchy, and a tendency to be passive in classroom interactions. These conditions often clash with the implementation of a communicative approach, while the education system that still focuses on memorization contributes to low student participation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive literature review approach by analyzing various sources related to BIPA learning, learning motivation, and cross-cultural education. The results of the study indicate that cultural and systemic barriers impact low student engagement, decreased learning motivation, less than optimal learning effectiveness, and teacher well-being. The urgency of this research lies in the need to develop BIPA learning that is adaptive, sensitive to cultural contexts, and sustainable in an international environment. The novelty of this study lies in the emphasis on the integration of culture-based approaches and strengthening motivation as a comprehensive strategy to improve the quality and sustainability of BIPA learning in Thailand.]]>
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