Influence of entrepreneurial orientation, government role, and social capital on fishermen’s welfare: ICT implementation as a moderator of entrepreneurial orientation

Suwena, Kadek Rai
Irwansyah, M Rudi
Meitriana, Made Ary
Dharmayasa, I Putu Arya
Suwendra, I Wayan
Yupita, Linda

Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan
Vol. 27 No. 1: April 2026

Indonesia’s marine, aquaculture, and fisheries resources are abundant, but coastal communities who depend on the marine sector for their livelihoods live in poverty. Gerokgak District covers the largest area in Buleleng Regency and has the longest coastline in Bali Province, stretching 76.89 km. The fishing population in Gerokgak District, the largest in Buleleng Regency, numbers 1,327 people. The minimum sample size was determined using G*Power. With an effect size (f²) of 0.15, a significance level (α) of 0.05, a statistical power of 0.95, and three predictors (including the interaction term), the required minimum sample size was 119 respondents. The income of fishermen’s families ranges from IDR 1,200,000 to IDR 2,000,000 per month. This figure shows that the income of the majority of fishermen’s families is still below the 2025 Buleleng Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) which is set at IDR 2,996,561. The low income of fishermen directly impacts their inability to meet basic needs, thus resulting in low household welfare. Factors suspected of contributing to household welfare levels include entrepreneurial orientation, government role, social capital, and the implementation of information and communication technology. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. The initial quantitative phase involved data analysis using SEM-PLS, followed by a qualitative phase using NVivo to further explain and provide deeper context for the quantitative findings. These findings confirm that fishermen’s welfare is determined by internal and social factors, namely entrepreneurial orientation (β = 0.269, p = 0.000) and social capital (β = 0.537, p = 0.000). The government role (β = 0.017, p = 0.853) did not yield a significant direct impact, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (β = 0.064, p = 0.515) did not serve as an effective moderator. The structural model explains 36.3 percent of the variance in welfare (R2 = 0.363), indicating a moderate level of explanatory power. Therefore, future efforts to improve fishermen’s welfare should focus on strengthening entrepreneurial capacity and social capital, alongside improvements in ICT utilization quality and more contextual, participatory, and sustainable government policy approaches.