Morphological and molecular identification of seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) from the coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia

Fadiyah Hanifaturahmah (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
Nurlisa Alias Butet (Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.)
Mala Nurilmala (Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
Agus Oman Sudrajat (Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
Yoshihiro Ochiai (Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University. 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)

Abstract. Hanifaturahmah F, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Butet NA, Nurilmala M, Sudrajat AO, Ochiai Y. 2020. Morphological and molecular identification of seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) from the coast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4116-4123. Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) species are difficult to be identified based on their color, shape, and body size, especially for their juveniles. The purposes of this study were to identify seahorse species from Indonesian waters (Riau Islands and Lampung, Sumatra Island) based on the sequence variations in the 16S rRNA and COI genes and to analyze the kinship of these seahorses. The morphological identification was performed, followed by the validation of the identification based on a molecular approach. Both identification methods showed the one species from Riau Islands was H. kuda, while the others (n=2) were H. comes. All specimens from Lampung (n=3) were H. comes. The specimens of H. comes from Riau Islands and Lampung were the same haplotype based on the 16 S rRNA sequence. Based on the COI, H. comes from Riau Islands (n=2) were found to be one haplotype (haplotype 1; n=2), while those from Lampung (n=3) consisted of two haplotypes (haplotype 1; n=2 and haplotype 2; n=1). Phylogenetic analysis based on both genes revealed that H. comes from Riau Islands and Lampung belongs to the same clade, while H. kuda from Riau Islands (n=1) was included in the lineage B (Indian Ocean).