Evaluation of non-timber forest products used as medicinal plants from East Kalimantan (Indonesia) to inhibit ?-glucosidase and free radicals

RICO RAMADHAN (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
RAMADHAN TOSEPU (Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Halu Oleo. Sulawesi Tenggara 93232, Indonesia)
PREECHA PHUWAPRAISIRISAN (Center of Excellent in Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, ¬Chulalongkorn University. Bangkok 10330, Thailand)
RUDIANTO AMIRTA (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
KIETTIPUM PHONTREE (Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University. Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)
YAZDANIYAR FAJRI HALIMI FIRDAUS (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
NURLITA ABDULGANI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Data Analitics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)
MUHAMMAD ZAINUL MUTTAQIN (Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation. Gresik 61171, East Java, Indonesia)
SAPARWADI SAPARWADI (BIOMA Foundation. Jl. A Wahab Syahranie, Sempaja, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)

Abstract. Ramadhan R, Tosepu R, Phuwapraisirisan P, Amirta R, Phontree K, Firdaus YFH, Abdulgani N, Muttaqin MZ, Saparwardi. 2022. Evaluation of non-timber forest products used as medicinal plants from East Kalimantan (Indonesia) to inhibit ?-glucosidase and free radicals. Biodiversitas 23: 5551-5558. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have essential uses as medicines, food sources, and traditional ceremonies for the local people living in forest areas. Medicinal plants are one of the non-timber forest products used as traditional medicine by local people in East Kalimantan. This study was conducted to search for new natural antidiabetic and antioxidant resources from medicinal plants used traditionally in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan, based on ethnopharmacological information. The present study evaluates non-timber forest products as in vitro antidiabetic (rat intestinal ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity) and antioxidant (free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and Nitric Oxide) activities. The antidiabetic and antioxidant activities were evaluated using ?-glucosidase inhibition assay and free radical scavenging methods. This study demonstrated that methanol extracts of Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Syzygium chloranthum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry and Shorea balangeran Burck exhibited strong ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate with IC50 values of 0.034 mg/mL, 0.039 mg/mL, and 0.039 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, methanol extract of S. chloranthum displayed the strongest ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity in sucrose as a substrate, similar to the IC50 value of the quercetin as a positive control. Furthermore, the antioxidant test showed that all medicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan are good sources of natural antioxidants indicated by their IC50 values. The results of this study support the scientific background of the uses of medicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan as folk medicine.