Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables

Wahyu Haryati Maser (Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand and Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, North S)
Nur Maiyah (Department of Fermentation Technology, School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)
Muralidharan Nagarajan (Department of Fish Processing Technology, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri – 601204, Tamil Nadu, India)
Passakorn Kingwascharapong (Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand)
Theeraphol Senphan (Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand)
Ali Muhammed Moula Ali (King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang)
Sri Charan Bindu Bavisetty (Department of Fermentation Technology, School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)

Abstract. Maser WH, Maiyah N, Nagarajan M, Kingwascharapong P, Senphan T, Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB. 2023. Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables. Biodiversitas 24: 3320-3331. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, metal chelating, and FRAP) of Allium cepa L., Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss using solvent 80% ethanol, absolute ethanol, acetone, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and hot water. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the FTIR and GC-MS characterization spectra were compared with the activities. The TPC of 80% ethanol extract in A. graveolens L. was the highest among the extracts, with 23.78 mg GAE/g extract. The 80% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity on DPPH radical scavenging (A. graveolens, 125.57 mg AEAC/g extract), metal chelating (C. sativum, 92.85 mg EECC/g extract), and FRAP activities (C. sativum, 46.98 mg AEAC/g extract). The 80% ethanol extract showed the highest anti-a-amylase (P. crispum, 30.61 mmol ACE/g extract) and anti-a-glucosidase (A. cepa, 595.28 mmol ACE/g extract) activities. In comparison, the absolute ethanol extract of C. sativum showed the highest anti-lipase activity (42.10% inhibition). According to the FTIR spectra, the 80% ethanol extract of the four green leafy vegetables is predicted to have several active compounds. GC-MS identified the compounds responsible for the activity. Studies on the recovery potential of active compounds as oral agents to treat diabetes mellitus with certain solvents are very useful in producing oral agents and functional foods to prevent diabetes mellitus.