GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity

NOVA ALFIAN HARIYANTO (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
RICO RAMADHAN (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
YANUARDI RAHARJO (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
YAZDANIYAR FAJRI HALIMI FIRDAUS (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
IRMAYANTI TRI KURNIA (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
DINDA AYU LESTARI (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
SUHARTINI SUWANDARI (Division of Exploration and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds, University CoE-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
NUR FARIHA MAHMUDA (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
JOURDHAM NATHANAEL (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
KIETTIPUM PHONTREE (Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University. Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)
PREECHA PHUWAPRAISIRISAN (Center of Excellent in Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University. Bangkok 10330, Thailand)
LUKMAN RIYADI (Environmental Office of Balikpapan. Jl. Ruhui Rahayu 1, No. 8, Balikpapan 76115, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
ARRIZAL RAHMAN (Environmental Office of Balikpapan. Jl. Ruhui Rahayu 1, No. 8, Balikpapan 76115, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
NURLITA ABDULGANI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, East Java, Indonesia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)

Abstract. Hariyanto NA, Ramadhan R, Raharjo Y, Firdaus YFH, Kurnia IT, Lestari DA, Suwandari S, Mahmuda NF, Nathanael J, Phontree K, Phuwapraisirisan P, Riyadi L, Rahman A, Abdulgani N. 2024. GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2442-2453. The vast diversity of natural products has long been recognized as a potentially valuable source of bioactive compounds derived from nature. The Diospyros species, belonging to the Ebenaceae family, thrive in tropical forest regions and have been traditionally used for treating various disorders such as ischemic stroke, hypertension, and infectious diseases. This research aims to assess the phytochemical constituents, rat intestinal a-glucosidase, and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of non-polar (n-hexane) and semi-polar (dichloromethane) extracts from three Diospyros species, i.e., Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern; Diospyros celebica Bakh.; Diospyros confertiflora (Hiern) Bakh). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified numerous bioactive secondary metabolites in the extracts. The study revealed that the semi-polar extracts of D. buxifolia exhibited potent rat intestinal a-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with an IC50 value of 33.31±3.23 ug/mL. The IC50 of acarbose as a positive control was 6.31±0.31 ug/mL. The FRAP test demonstrated that the non-polar and semi-polar leaf extracts of the three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan are potential sources of natural antioxidants, with the IC50 in the range of 6.48±0.38 umol Fe/g - 11.35±0.16 umol Fe/g. The results of this study confirm the therapeutic properties of leaf extracts derived from 3 Diospyros species, which align with their traditional medicinal use.