Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity

EKA SARI (Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Jl. Sudirman Km. 3,5 Cilegon 42435, Banten, Indonesia)
DYAH AYU SURYA WARDHANI (Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Research Centre of Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. Jl. Sudirman Km. 3,5 Cilegon 42435, Banten, Indonesia)
VIVI AGUSTINA (Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Research Centre of Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. Jl. Sudirman Km. 3,5 Cilegon 42435, Banten, Indonesia)
AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM (Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Fauna No. 3, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
LUTHFI HAKIM (Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kampus 2 USU Bekala, Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatera, Indonesia)
RIKA WULANDARI (Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor No. 32 Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia)
NENDYO ADHI WIBOWO (Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Jogja-Wonosari Km 31,5, Gading, Playen, Gunung Kidul 55861, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
LEE SUAN CHUA (Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Jl. Iman, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)

Abstract. Sari E, Wardhani DAS, Agustina V, Agussalim, Hakim L, Wulandari R, Wibowo NA, Chua LS. 2024. Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2857-2865. Stingless bee produces honey, propolis, and bee bread. Bee bread is known to have a high antioxidant. This study uses a spray dryer and its antioxidant activity, phytochemical, and bioactive compounds; therefore, it aims to encapsulate bee bread from Heterotrigona itama Cockerell 1918. The encapsulation of bee bread used several encapsulants, such as starch, lactose, and maltodextrin, in several formulas. The physical characterization was performed by analysis of hygroscopic properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DPPH antioxidant. The results showed that bee bread contains bioactive compounds, such as saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, quinones, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and ninhydrin. The best encapsulant was a combination of starch and lactose with the formula 50:50 (% w/w), which has low hygroscopic properties. SEM analysis shows that bee bread does not bond well with filler at a 10.817 to 20.244 µm diameter. XRD analysis obtained a product crystallinity level of 71.0819%. FTIR analysis shows that bee bread has the most complex functional group, which was characterized by the presence of a wave at the point of 1,115.68 cm-1, which indicates the presence of a group (C?O?C) that shows the spectrum of flavonoid group compounds with antioxidant activity of 588.402 ppm.