Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial

ILHAM ZULFAHMI (Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Darussalam, Banda Aceh 24415, Aceh, Indonesia)
EPA PAUJIAH (Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiya and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. AH. Nasution, No. 105, Bandung 40292, West Java, Indonesia)
ZULTIRA HARINA ROZA (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Darussalam, Banda Aceh 24415, Aceh, Indonesia)
KAMALIAH HELMI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry. Jl. Syeikh Abdul Rauf Darussalam Banda Aceh, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia)
BADRATUN NAFIS (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Darussalam, Banda Aceh 24415, Aceh, Indonesia)
FIRMAN MUHAMMAD NUR (Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN). Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Gedung B.J. Habibie, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia)
PUTROE NURUL FAZILA (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Darussalam, Banda Aceh 24415, Aceh, Indonesia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)

Abstract. Zulfahmi I, Paujiah E, Roza ZH, Helmi K, Nafis B, Nur FM, Fazila PN. 2024. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial. Biodiversitas 25: 3227-3236. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of red mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata) leaves and their potential against pathogenic bacteria. Red mangrove leaf was evaluated for its cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Each solvent's LC50 - 24-hour value was determined using probit analysis and measured using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval (P<0.05). The secondary metabolic compounds in each extract were presented and analyzed descriptively using GC-MS analysis. The effect of incubation time on the bacterial inhibition zone was tested using independent t-test analysis against S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, and A. hydrophyla. The results showed that the LC50 value of ethanol extract was 402.45 ppm, ethyl acetate extract was 230.97 ppm, and n-hexane extract was 180.31 ppm. The secondary metabolite compounds observed in red mangrove leaves extracted with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) include terpenoids, alkaloids, ketones, phenols, turpentine oil, essential oils, unsaturated fats, and camphor. The ethyl acetate extract from red mangrove leaves inhibited the growth of S.aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus exhibited the lowest inhibition zone, which varied based on time and concentration.