Diversity of Vachellia nilotica rhizosphere bacteria in the savanna of Baluran National Park, Indonesia and their potential for hydrolytic enzyme production

NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH (University Center of Excellence-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
MOCH. AFFANDI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
RICO RAMADHAN (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
FATIMAH FATIMAH (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
AGUS SUPRIYANTO (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
SALAMUN SALAMUN (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
TRI NURHARIYATI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
ALMANDO GERALDI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
JOHAN SETIAWAN (Baluran National Park, Banyuwangi. Jl. Situbondo Km. 35 Wonorejo, Banyuputih, Situbondo 68374, East Java, Indonesia)
BRIGITA NUR DIYAN AGUSTIANA (University Center of Excellence-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
ARSY HABI PRIYATAMA (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
KIRANA ATMANINDYA (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
DELA DWI ALAWIYAH (University Center of Excellence-Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
ELVIS PERDANA PUTRA (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
ANA MARIATUL KHIFTIYAH (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
SILVIA KURNIA SARI (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)
CHRISTOPHER CLEMENT (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)

Abstract. Ni’matuzahroh, Affandi M, Ramadhan R, Fatimah, Supriyanto A, Salamun, Nurhariyati T, Geraldi A, Junairiah, Setiawan J, Agustiana BND, Priyatama AH, Atmanindya K, Alawiyah DD, Putra EP, Khiftiyah AM, Sari SK, Clement C. 2025. Diversity of Vachellia nilotica rhizosphere bacteria in the savanna of Baluran National Park, Indonesia and their potential for hydrolytic enzyme production. Biodiversitas 26: 1754-1767. Vachellia nilotica, a leguminous plant introduced to Baluran National Park as a firebreak, is now causing environmental problems due to its invasiveness, which hinders the growth of native plants. Despite significant ecological changes, there is no data regarding the impact of this plant invasion on soil microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of V. nilotica and investigate the bacteria's ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes. The bacterial community was identified using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and a conventional isolation technique. A total of 99,520 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained, encompassing a rich diversity of 4,631 species. These species belonged to four phyla (i) Pseudomonadota; (ii) Actinomycetota; (iii) Bacillota; and (iv) Acidobacteriota. Additionally, 26 isolates were obtained through conventional isolation, and all of them can produce hydrolytic enzymes, including protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase. A total of 9 isolates showed highest proficiency in producing hydrolytic enzymes, of which 8 belonged to the Bacillota phylum and 1 isolate showed similar characteristic with Acidobacteriota phylum. The isolates SAV 2.NA.1.5.6 and SAV 2.NA.2.4.3 exhibited multiple enzyme activities and were classified as Bacillota. The findings indicate that the rhizosphere of V. nilotica contains a high diversity of bacteria, including those capable of producing hydrolytic enzymes. This information can serve as a foundation for managing V. nilotica and promoting sustainable development by leveraging the potential of rhizosphere bacteria in this plant. To our knowledge, no prior research has been conducted on this topic in the savanna area of BNP.