Jurnal Kesehatan Budi Luhur: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Keperawatan, dan Kebidanan
Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): July 2026

Pre–Post Changes in Anemia Knowledge and Attitudes Following HPM-Informed E-Booklet Education Among Adolescent Girls

Wulan Novika Ambarsari (STIKes Budhi Luhur Cimahi)
Ayu Apriyani (STIKes Budhi Luhur Cimahi)
Rudi Karmi (STIKes Budhi Luhur Cimahi)
Rahayu Savitri (STIKes Budhi Luhur Cimahi)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Jul 2026

Abstract

Anemia is a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below an age-, sex-, and physiological-status-specific threshold and may result from nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, inflammation, inherited disorders, or other causes. Menstruating adolescent girls are a priority population for prevention and educational interventions. This study aimed to assess immediate pre-post changes in knowledge and attitudes toward anemia following an e-booklet educational intervention informed by Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). A quantitative one-group pretest-posttest study was conducted among 77 adolescent girls at SMK Pasundan 3 Cimahi. Participants were selected from a population of 327 students using proportionate stratified random sampling. Recruitment and consent/assent were followed by a pretest assessment, standardized e-booklet education, and an immediate posttest. Knowledge was categorized as good, fair, or poor, while attitudes were categorized as positive or negative. Data were analyzed using the Marginal Homogeneity and McNemar tests. The proportion of participants with good knowledge increased from 16.9% to 79.2% (absolute change: +62.3 percentage points), while poor knowledge decreased from 58.4% to 2.6% (p < 0.001). Positive attitudes increased from 54.5% to 76.6% (absolute change: +22.1 percentage points; p = 0.005). Knowledge and attitude categories were more favorable immediately after the e-booklet intervention. Because the study lacked a comparison group and assessed outcomes only immediately after the intervention, controlled studies with validated continuous measures and longer follow-up are needed to establish the effectiveness and sustainability of the observed changes.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jkbl

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

Description

JKBL (Jurnal Kesehatan Budi Luhur) as part of the atmosphere of disseminating scientific research results and ideas to improve health quality of Indonesian society. The journal includes original research articles, review articles, and short communications for nursing, midwivery, and others health ...