Journal of Physical Education and Sports
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Juni 2026

Level of Elderly Participation in Recreational Soccer Activities: A Study of Arnstein's Ladder of Participation

RACHMAD IRFAN NUR MALIKI (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
Heny Setyawati (Universitas Negeri Semarang)



Article Info

Publish Date
06 Jul 2026

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the level of participation of older adults in recreational soccer activities based on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation (1969). Given the rapid growth of the older adult population in Indonesia, this study is important to support sustainable active aging strategies. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with 8 active elderly participants aged 60-65 years in Kediri Regency, specifically at the Mitra Muda Blabak and Amphibi Sambi clubs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation over a period of 2-4 weeks, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that 75% of participants fell into the Citizen Power category, 25% into the Tokenism category, and none into the Non-Participation category. These findings indicate that recreational soccer serves as an effective means of social empowerment for older adults, supporting the principle of active aging. However, the presence of tokenism among some participants indicates the need for greater delegation of authority in decision-making. It is recommended that the development of sports programs for older adults focus more on strengthening participant agency and social integration to improve their quality of life in a sustainable manner and reduce participation gaps. Policy implications are needed to ensure more equitable access for older adults to community physical activities.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jpes

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

Journal of Physical Education and Sports (p-ISSN 2252-648X, e-ISSN 2502-4477) publishes articles of original research and conceptual studies about physical education and ...