<![CDATA[Efficient and sustainable irrigation requires an integrated approach to water management, energy supply, and remote supervision. This study aimed to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for a paddy-field irrigation pump using a web platform and a solar photovoltaic power source. A Research and Development approach was applied through literature review, functional requirement analysis, hardware and software architecture design, control-logic development, interface design, and database modelling. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for water-level measurement, a PZEM004T module for voltage, current, power, and energy monitoring, a relay-driven pump actuator, a local LCD, and a photovoltaic energy chain consisting of a solar panel, charge controller, battery, and inverter. The resulting design supports real-time monitoring, automatic operation based on minimum and maximum water-level thresholds, manual web-based control, historical data storage, and protection against critically low water levels and excessive pump power. The architecture also separates sensing, processing, communication, actuation, energy, application, and data-management layers, thereby improving maintainability and future scalability. The design provides a coherent basis for a more flexible and environmentally responsible irrigation system; however, field implementation and performance testing are still required to evaluate sensor accuracy, communication stability, energy efficiency, and long-term reliability.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
