<![CDATA[This study addresses the critical problem of limited empirical evidence on how Humanitarian Supply Chain Management (HSCM) dimensions coordination, procurement, operation, and transparency—affect firm performance in humanitarian logistics. The need for the study arises from persistent inefficiencies in humanitarian operations, where resource constraints and fragmented processes hinder cost efficiency, goal achievement, operational effectiveness, and stakeholder satisfaction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of these HSCM practices on firm performance in Nigerian humanitarian logistics firms. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 278 managers across logistics firms in Borno State, Nigeria. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the measurement and structural models. The results reveal that transparency is the strongest predictor of performance, significantly improving cost efficiency (? = 0.384, p = 0.000), goal achievement (? = 0.291, p = 0.002), operational efficiency (? = 0.602, p = 0.000), and stakeholder satisfaction (? = 0.258, p = 0.009). Coordination also positively influenced cost efficiency (? = 0.263, p = 0.004) and stakeholder satisfaction (? = 0.185, p = 0.013), while operation significantly enhanced goal achievement (? = 0.299, p = 0.001). Procurement showed weak effects, with only a small positive impact on stakeholder satisfaction (? = 0.098, p = 0.000). In conclusion, the study establishes transparency as the most critical driver of humanitarian logistics performance, followed by coordination and operation, while procurement remains the least influential. These findings underscore the importance of investing in transparent practices and integrated supply chain mechanisms to strengthen efficiency, accountability, and stakeholder trust in humanitarian logistics.]]>
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