<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the profile of high school students’ critical thinking skills on temperature and heat topics through contextual tests integrating real-life phenomena into scientific reasoning. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach involving 36 twelfth-grade students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. Data were collected using critical thinking tests based on Ennis’s five indicators, supported by non-test questionnaires and teacher interviews. The findings revealed that students’ critical thinking skills were still categorized as low, with indicator achievement ranging from 46.4% to 59.0%. The inference indicator obtained the lowest score, while strategy and tactics showed the highest score. The novelty of this study lies in the in-depth analysis of each Ennis critical thinking indicator specifically applied to temperature and heat materials in real-world contexts. These findings highlight the need for developing contextual interactive learning media to stimulate higher-order thinking skills and improve students’ critical thinking abilities. ]]>
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