Matrix Metalloproteinase‑8 Expression and Collagen Density Alterations in Male and Female Rat Models of Porphyromonas gingivalis‑Induced Periodontitis

Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti (Bagian Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Jember)
Zahara Meilawaty (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Amandia Dewi Permana Shita (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Sari Setyaningsih (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Pudji Astuti (Department of Biomedical Science and Oral Pathology-Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Dwi Warna Aju Fatmawati (Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Benni Benyamin (3Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia)
Suhartini (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Tantin Ermawati (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas (Department of Dental Health, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia)
Ani Subekti (Department of Dental Health, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia)

Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): June 2026

Periodontitis is periodontal tissue inflammation caused by periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis). The incidence of periodontitis in men and women differs significantly, especially in the severity of periodontal tissue destruction, if it overrules smoking habits and poor oral hygiene. However, the information was inadequate and debatable. This study aimed to compare the effect of P. gingivalis on periodontal tissue destruction in female and male rat models, showing increased MMP-8 expression and decreased collagen density. This study was a laboratory experiment using male and female Wistar rats. Each gender of animal models was divided into two groups: control and periodontitis. The periodontitis group induced P. gingivalis every three days for 19 days in the distopalatal and distobuccal gingival sulcus of the mandibular first molar. After the final induction, they were euthanized, and their mandibles were removed for histological observation by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of MMP-8 in periodontal tissue and Picrosirius Red to determine collagen density. Expression of MMP-8 was observed at 400x magnification using a light microscope, whereas collagen density was observed at 400x magnification; the images were analyzed using the ImageJ application. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and a multiple-comparison test (p<95%). The results revealed that male and female periodontitis models showed significant differences in MMP-8 expression and collagen density (p<0.05). Briefly, P. gingivalis caused periodontal tissue damage in female and male periodontitis models, whereas the female periodontitis model experienced more periodontal tissue damage than the male.