Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)

The Legal Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice: From Surveillance to Sentencing

Md Shodiq (Universitas Jayabaya)
Rina Farah (Universiti Teknologi)
Nurul Huda (Universiti Utara)



Article Info

Publish Date
03 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background. The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in criminal justice systems has raised significant concerns regarding its legal implications, particularly in surveillance and sentencing practices. As AI technologies become more embedded in law enforcement and judicial decision-making, questions surrounding privacy, accountability, and fairness have become central to discussions of legal reform. Purpose. The study aims to evaluate the extent to which current legal frameworks can address these challenges and propose reforms to ensure ethical use of AI in criminal justice systems. Method. A qualitative methodology is employed, using semi-structured interviews with legal experts, policymakers, and AI practitioners, alongside secondary data from case studies and policy documents. Results. The findings indicate that while AI has the potential to enhance efficiency, it often perpetuates existing biases and lacks sufficient oversight, leading to unjust outcomes. Conclusion. The study concludes that robust legal frameworks are essential to prevent the misuse of AI in criminal justice and to protect fundamental rights. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on AI's intersection with law and offers practical recommendations for legal reforms.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

rjl

Publisher

Subject

Description

Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law is a leading international journal focused on the global exchange of knowledge in Law as well as advancing research and practice across law disciplines. The journal provides a forum for articles reporting on original research, systematic and scholarly reviews focused on ...