COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Transformative Education and Learning

Implementing the Principle of Discourse-Level Language by EFL Teachers: A Classroom Interaction Study

Rizgar Sadiq Hamasur (hD Candidate, Department of Language and Literacy, Kulliyyah of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia)
Mohammad Azannee Saad (Department of Language and Literacy, Kulliyyah of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Jul 2026

Abstract

Although Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach is widely adopted in many EFL countries, CLT principles are poorly implemented by EFL teachers. To date, little attention has been paid to teaching discourse-level language through everyday classroom interaction. This study aims to determine whether Kurdish EFL teachers implement the CLT principle of discourse-level language to develop students’ speaking skills. Four Kurdish EFL teachers were selected as participants through purposive sampling technique. Their interaction with students over two English lessons recorded and later transcribed following Jefferson Transcription System (2004). Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively following Conversation Analysis (CA) approach, which is a turn-by-turn examination. The findings showed that Kurdish EFL teachers did not implement the CLT principle of discourse-level language in secondary schools located in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Thus, the students tended to speak at the word and sentence levels. to speak English at the discourse (beyond the sentence) level. The findings provide significant contributions across various domains of CLT. Finally, this study is highly significant for EFL teachers to take discourse competence into consideration in the teaching of speaking skills.   

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Journal Info

Abbrev

i

Publisher

Subject

Religion Education Social Sciences

Description

COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education is a peer-reviewed journal published by Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu. The journal is aimed at spreading the research results conducted by academicians, educators, researchers, administrators at academic institutions, and practitioners in the ...