Al Ibtidaiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Juli

Restrukturisasi Kognitif untuk Meningkatkan Harga Diri pada Remaja dengan Perilaku Menghindar Pascaperundungan: Sebuah Studi Kasus di Lingkungan Sekolah Kejuruan

Ranti Sagita (Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya)
Niken Titi Pratitis (Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Jul 2026

Abstract

Persistent mask use after bullying may reflect low self-esteem and function as a safety behavior that reduces anxiety temporarily while maintaining fear of negative evaluation. This study describes the psychological dynamics of a 17-year-old vocational high school student (AR) and examines early changes following individual counseling based on cognitive restructuring. A descriptive-exploratory single-case design was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participant and supporting informants, non-participant observations at the internship site, document review, and psychological assessment using the 16PF, SSCT, Draw A Person, House-Tree-Person, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Thematic analysis and source-method triangulation were guided by Beck's cognitive model, Ellis' ABC framework, and Rosenberg's self-esteem theory. Repeated verbal bullying about physical appearance consolidated a negative self-schema, while mask use developed into a safety behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Six counseling sessions addressed psychoeducation, emotion identification, ABC analysis, cognitive disputation, adaptive coping thoughts, graded behavior change, and relapse-prevention planning. Post-intervention data indicated greater emotional openness, willingness to eat and drink at school, voluntary mask removal in selected situations, and more balanced self-statements. The findings represent clinically meaningful early change, not causal proof, because numerical pre-post data and long-term follow-up were unavailable.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

Al-Ibtidaiyah

Publisher

Subject

Education

Description

Al Ibtidaiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah which is managed by Prodi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (PGMI) of STAI Muhammadiyah Probolinggo. This journal is published twice a year and serves as a tool for researchers, academics and practitioners interested in basic education and ...