Hubungan status gizi dan pola makan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada penduduk dewasa

Mulyani Mulyani (Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima)
Nur Husnul Khatimah (Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima)
Hairunnisah Hairunnisah (Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima)
Muammar Iksan (Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima)

Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
Vol. 20 No. 6 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 6

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Excessive nutritional status and unhealthy diet are modifiable risk factors that need to be studied to support hypertension prevention efforts. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between nutritional status and dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension in the adult population. Method: A quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach was used, with a sample of 92 respondents selected using simple random sampling. The study was conducted in the working area of ​​the Belo Community Health Center, Bima Regency, during May and June 2026. Nutritional status data were obtained through body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the chi-square test with a 95% significance level (α=0.05). Results: The majority of respondents were overweight (37.0%), had poor diet (76.1%), and had hypertension (59.8%). The analysis showed a significant association between nutritional status and the incidence of hypertension (p<0.001). Respondents with overweight nutritional status had the highest proportion of hypertension (85.3%), followed by obesity (80.0%). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between dietary habits and the incidence of hypertension (p=0.002), with respondents with poor dietary habits more likely to experience hypertension (68.6%) than respondents with good dietary habits (31.8%). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of hypertension, as well as a significant relationship between dietary habits and the incidence of hypertension, with p values ​​<0.001 and 0.002, respectively (α<0.05). Suggestion: It is recommended to use a larger sample size, a wider area, and the addition of other unexplored variables to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension.   Keywords: Adults; Dietary Patterns; Hypertension; Nutritional Status.