Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Vol. 22 No. 2 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)

Factors Associated with Oral Discomfort at The Menopausal Stage: A Systematic Review

Yuli Fatzia Ossa (Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani (Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Iwany Amaliah Badraduddin (Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Febriana Setiawati (Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Steffano Aditya Handoko (Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Lindawati Soetanto Kusdhany (Department Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
12 Aug 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause is a physiological process that all women experience and is often regarded as a sign of aging in women. The signs and symptoms of menopause are very diverse, and oral discomfort is one of the symptoms. Oral discomfort can interfere with oral cavity function, indirectly affecting nutrient intake. This study aims to evaluate factors associated with oral discomfort and oral manifestations of the menopausal stage. Review: This review is based on the PRISMA statement. A literature review incorporated observational studies from the last five years and across 5 databases.  An investigative question was formulated using the PEOS model, studies were selected, and a quality analysis was performed in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. The bibliometric analysis was performed, and the data were qualitatively analyzed. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, with the majority of oral manifestations at the menopausal stage being xerostomia, burning sensation, taste disturbances, and periodontitis. Duration of menopause, bad oral hygiene, lower salivary flow rate, higher calcium saliva concentration, and salivary estrogen level were found to be associated factors for oral discomfort at the menopausal stage. Conclusions: The menopausal stage may increase the risk of oral discomfort due to decreased estrogen levels in saliva. Since the estrogen receptor was found in the oral cavity, especially in the mucosa, salivary gland, and periodontium, it can directly affect the oral cavity.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

interdental

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

Interdental Journal is a scientific published and supported by Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar and published Three Times a year. The submission process opens throughout the year. All submitted manuscript will be screened with double-blind peer review and editorial decision ...